The interaction among these three dimensions results in behavior change. The angles are behavior, environmental, and personal factors such as cognition, affect, and biological. Another relevant theory is SCT which defines human behavior can be explained by a triadic reciprocal causation. This theory focuses on the role of thought in decision-making about adopting behaviors. Theory of planned behavior (TPB) considers behavioral intention is the most important determinant of behavior. Also, TTM presents ten processes of change and three main constructs to support behavior change. TTM as a model of behavior change suggests how individual move through five SOC.
Another model which applied in individual behavior change is transtheoretical model (TTM) or stages of change (SOC) model. The health belief model (HBM) is recognized as a model/theory for health-related behaviors which has been tested in different health-related situations. In this review, some relevant interpersonal and intrapersonal models and theories which fit on CV individual behaviors were utilized. Theories and models as concept mapping are beneficial tools for health education experts and policymakers. Based on the confederacy of international health education organizations, models/theories and technology with aim of educational research should be utilized in methodology design, practice, and assessing of health education programs. Lack of patients’ knowledge, attitude, and practice can be considered as important factors influencing selection and adoption of health-promoting behavior to achieve healthy lifestyle.Įvidence noted the important roles of models/theories to modify unhealthy behaviors. Many CVDs and its adverse outcomes are preventable in general. Based on the mentioned meaning of the level of prevention, considering adopting healthy behaviors can be addressed in the daily living with chronic disease as CVD. Tertiary prevention refers to actions taken after the onset of disease assisting individual with disease/disability. Secondary prevention means actions which block the disease progression. state that primary prevention defines as preventive actions to the onset of a disease to avoid the possibility of happening.
This notable finding should consider to set appropriate designing, implementation, and evaluation of applied interventions among population in middle-aged individuals.Īs Sharma et al. All types of CVDs can lead to undesirable effects on individuals which need appropriate interventions in the various levels of prevention and treatment to delay the adverse outcomes.īased on Sadeghi et al., study results, aging process might affect Disability-Adjusted Life Year related to CVDs and disease outcomes more than two-fold in 2025 compared with 2005. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) defined as a leading main reason of death in the worldwide can adversely affect on sustainable human development.